The greatest longevity in human history
Mongol Empire 'Subutai' Summary
1. Who is Subutai?
Subutai was one of the four commanders of the Mongol Empire's general and Genghis Khan's most trusted general, 'Sajunsagu' (Genghis Khan's four quarter horses and four loyal dogs; Genghis Khan's closest aides). In the history book of the Mongol Empire, 'Wonjo Bisa', it is called 'Courageous Subutai'. Subutai is a master who has set records beyond imagination. During his 72-year life, he conquered or destroyed 32 countries, winning only 65 rounds accurately recorded in history. A pitched battle is a battle in which two armies gather in an appropriate place and wage an 'all-or-nothing' battle. During his lifetime, Subutai defeated the armies of Jin, Song, Xia, each nomadic tribe, dozens of Muslim countries in Central Asia and the Middle East, Russia, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Georgia, and Armenia on the spot. Considering how many people in world history are treated as masters even after fighting only one country in their lifetime or only defending on the home ground, you can see just how different Subutai's record is.
Among the Mongol army's world conquests, Subutai is less well known in Korea than other generals, probably because he was active in China and the west conquests rather than the Goryeo Front. Only in Korea, Salita, who participated in the War of Dreams, is more famous. When I googled in Korean, Salita yielded much more results and was mentioned in the news much more often. However, it is notorious for being almost equal to Genghis Khan in the West and the Middle East, where it was directly invaded. In "What if", a book written by historians, he was even named one of the most neglected masters in history.
2. Growth of Subutai
A native of the Uryangkai people (the descendants of the Uryangkai until recently led a semi-nomadic semi-settlement life, they show a lifestyle of hoarding nomads and food from spring to late autumn, and live in settlements only in winter), Ching He is the younger brother of 'Zelme', who was the second person in the early party of Giz Khan. Subhutai grew up in a nomadic lifestyle, i.e. riding horses, from his childhood.
His mother died giving birth to Subu Tai. Because his father was a blacksmith named 'Jarchiudai', 'Subutai' is the youngest following 'Zelme' and despite having to inherit the family business of blacksmithing, at the age of about 14, he followed his older brother 'Zelme' to another brother 'Chaor'. Khan joins the army of Genghis Khan.
Originally, 'Zelme' was born on the same month as 'Temujin' (Genghis Khan's real name), and his father 'Zarchiudai' dedicated it to Temujin's father, chieftain 'Jesugei', as Temujin's slave. However, 'Jesus Gay', who was too difficult to raise a newborn 'Temujin', sent him back to let him go when he was grown up. Even under the circumstances, he keeps his promise and sends 'Zelme' to 'Temujin'. As a result, 'Zelme' received special trust from 'Temujin', and his younger brother 'Subutai', who had a similar track record, learned various military techniques from a young age with special trust.
Since enlisting in 'Genghis Khan's army, 'Subutai' has taken on various maid roles in Genghis Khan's barracks, and naturally attended strategic and tactical meetings of Genghis Khan's generals. This develops the perspective and comprehension to understand tactics from a strategy/operations level point of view from an early age. This is the basis from which he was able to absorb more sophisticated tactical abilities and build a historic and overwhelming major in the future, from serving as an assistant to a master commander named 'Jebe' in the future.
'Genghis Khan', having recognized the outstanding skills of 'Zebe', a new member of 'Genghis Khan' side after surrendering from the Taichiut tribe, had him instruct the 'Subutai', who was actually older than him, to bring his potential to full bloom. lead This is the part where you can check the insight of Genghis Khan, who identifies talented people and employs them regardless of their social status.
3. Major in Subhutai
In 1204, 'Subutai' broke through the mountain range with an iron wheel and seized the enemy camp in the 'Battle of Tsakirmaut', in which Chingkis Khan fought Dayan Khan of the Naiman tribe, and took a big role in the operation to clear the remnants of the Merkit tribe. After the unification of Mongolia, he was appointed Cheonhojang.
He participated in Genghis Khan's lyrical army with 'Zebe' and attacked the Khorasm Kingdom, driving the 7th Sultan, Allah Ud Din Muhammad, to a small island in the Caspian Sea to death. Asked to go, they attacked Iran, wiping out several cities in the Caucasus, and the principalities of southern Russia. He also defeated the colonial forces of the Italian Republic of Genoa in Crimea, and also defeated 80,000 allied forces of the Russian principalities (Battle of the Kalga River). At this time, the field capabilities of the Russian principalities collapsed, and the subsequent expedition to Eastern Europe was helplessly pushed back. When 'Subutai' returned from Russia, worried about his age, 'Genghis Khan' tried to have him rest in the rear, but 'Subutai' refused, arguing how he was resting in the back when Khan went to the front.
However, 'Subutai' experienced defeat for the first time while conquering the Jin Dynasty. In 1231, they retreated from the Battle of Dohwagok against the Jin army led by 'Wanan Jinhwasang', the best general of the Jin Dynasty at the time. 'Wanan Jinhwasang' chased after him. However, the failure was short-lived, and finally, in 1233, they captured the frontier, the capital of the Jin Dynasty, and drove the gold to the brink of destruction.
He also participated in Batu's European expedition as a deputy commander, but returned after making a big contribution by filling in the shovel of the commander-in-chief, Batu. He nearly devastated the Principality of Russia at the time, annihilating 3 to 5 thousand Polish/Tutonic and Hungarian knights in the battles of Legnica and Sayo, respectively. In particular, in the Battle of Sayo River, tens of thousands of defeated Hungarian troops were slaughtered by siege maneuvers for several days. The remaining fear of Mongolia in Europe is based on these campaigns. Although the nominal commander-in-chief was Batu, it appears that it was Subbutai who actually supervised the campaigns, which laid the foundation for the Kipchak Khanate.
'Subutai' rarely lost except during the conquest of the Jin Dynasty, and won 65 rounds in 20 expeditions in his lifetime, and only 32 countries were ground. In addition, even in the cultures that they fought, they defeated the armies of virtually every culture that existed on the Eurasian continent, including Mongolian, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and European. In fact, he was the only one who changed a country with every move.
4. The Death of Subutai
Later, while planning to conquer the Holy Roman Empire, news of Ugudei Khan's soldiers came to the Mongolian mainland, and he was forced to return to participate in Kuriltai on the Mongolian mainland. Afterwards, Guyuuk Khan appointed him commander-in-chief of the Chinese expedition, but died on his return. By the time of his expedition he had already been blind in one of his eyes and his body was weakened, preventing him from riding his horse. As a veteran veteran who served the three great Khan of Mongolia, his lifespan is 72 years, which is quite long for a Mongolian in the Middle Ages.
After his death, his clan rose to power as one of the four great nobles of the Mongol Empire and the Yuan Dynasty. The other three are the clans of Mukhari, Boorchu, and Tiraun. In particular, his son Urangka Dai and his grandson Ajudo were famous as masters of the Mongol Empire.
In summary...
Admiral Yi Sun-sin, King of the Lions, and other famous generals in the history of war already knew to some extent. However, as I recently learned about the longevity of 'Subutai', I realized that my thinking was wrong. Looking at the achievements of 'Subutai', I asked, 'Who the hell is this person?', 'How was he able to achieve these achievements?' I thought There must have been times and social situations, but I was even more curious about a single individual named 'Subutai'. Because it was literally cool. While watching 'Subutai', I summarized the commonalities of his success.
1. A person who prepares (studying) a lot.
'Subutai' came from a blacksmith's family, and had no major connection with war. However, the point is that he achieved all the strategies and combat abilities necessary for war only through his own acquired efforts. It can be seen that his tenacity to try to learn anything over his shoulder without blaming his circumstances turned all the opportunities given to him into success. In fact, it can be seen from the historical records that 'Chinkis Khan' was very worried about 'Subutai', who had not been verified for combat experience, when he first fought with his own full volume. However, 'Subutai' takes this test as an opportunity and succeeds every single one without missing out, so 'Jinky's Khan' is gradually moved by his abilities. In this way, 'Subutai' was able to build trust and foundation one by one and be recorded as the greatest longevity in history.
Most of the battles that 'Subutai' have fought were battles in which the military was outnumbered. 'Subutai', who showed a genius in tactics, appeared in his military operations for the first time in history with various tactics. Combat speed, mobility, siege attack, rear battle, depth battle, annihilation battle, etc. are also used in modern combat. As such, 'Subutai' is not tied to a specific convention, but devised a flexible and practical problem-solving method based on the problems it encounters every time and applied it immediately.
As such, the tactics of 'Subutai' were always different according to the enemy leader. For example, in the battle of Khorasm, when the enemy commander thought that the Mongols were a nomadic people who were weak in the siege, and chose a tactic for the siege, 'Subutai' used this and learned a new siege from the previous battle with the Jin Dynasty. Responding with technology and troops. In addition, by utilizing the strongest mobility, the army can be sent along the route the enemy commander expects and at the same time, crossing the mountain range or crossing the desert that the enemy never thinks is possible. In addition, they make good use of deceptive tactics and surprise operations such as easily infiltrating the enemy by disguising as if they betrayed 'Chinkis Khan'. 'Subutai' is based on understanding the psychology of the enemy, and applies the appropriate tactics. Looking at his battles, the common point is that the battle ends with the enemy commander bewildered with a different tactic that always exceeds the enemy's expectations. This achievement is possible because all expectations of the enemy commander were information warfare and flexible problem-solving skills that could be in the palm of the hand of 'subutai'.
3. An elite unit like a family that grew up together
As 'Subutai' himself did, the soldiers who were with him also accumulated a lot of combat experience and became stronger elite soldiers than any other country's military. A military that can have the upper hand in all combat environments, such as how to withstand the harsh cold, how to survive in a snow-covered field by digging snow with a horse's hoof, how to survive in the desert, and how to increase mobility by lightening the armament had grown into In fact, as recorded in the records, at the beginning of the battle, the enemy commander asked, 'Will I be able to defeat the 'Subutai' army with such a quick conversion of airborne troops such as cavalry, engineers, and archers?' It is said that there was a fear of The result was, of course, recorded as a victory for 'Subutai'.
At the same time, while occupying a country in a new culture, he punishes those who rebel by a strict example, while in other countries, he expands his army by recruiting new engineers, mercenaries, and talents from that country to supplement them. When I went out, I became an army that was not pushed by any type of combat power.
While studying the longevity of 'Subutai' as a person recorded in history, there were many parts that could be referenced and applied to real life. Although the background of the times is different, the ideology and purpose they had, and the beliefs and efforts to achieve them are not much different. If there was even a single message from the life of 'Subutai', I think that our life would be a little richer by that one sentence.
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