Seochopae Wang Hang -u Summary
Hang Yu was a Chinese soldier in the late Qin Dynasty who lived a short life of 30 years from 232 BC to 202 BC, and was a monarch of Chu during the Cho-Korean War. A descendant of Hang Yan, the great general of Chu, at first, following his uncle Hang-ryang, he dethroned the Jinwang Ja-yeong, and became king by ascending to the throne of Seocho Paewang. The assassination led to a rebellion by Liang Liu, who fought an endless battle in Chohan, defeated, and took his own life.
1. Hang-wu's youth
Hang Yu was born in 232 BC in Chu. It is presumed that he lost his parents at an early age, as Hang Yu later saw his childhood growing up in the hands of his younger father. Hang-wu's family includes his grandfather, Hang-Yeon, who was a general of the Chu Dynasty, and his younger father, Hang-Liang. Around 224 BC, when his grandfather 'Hang Yan' was defeated and killed in the war with the Qin Dynasty and the Chu dynasty was destroyed, the young Hang-Wu ran away with his younger father 'Hang Liang', and was later raised by the 'Hang Liang'.
In the year of Yi Se-won (209 B.C.E.), when Hangu was 24 years old, the 'Rebellion of Jinseung, Wu Guang' (the law of the Qin Dynasty was strict, so if you were called for government labor and did not arrive on time), it was the death penalty. It gets delayed countless times, and even if it goes, it causes an uprising.), and as Lee gets a great response, the Qin Dynasty falls into chaos. In this situation, Jin dynasty governor 'Eun Tong' of the Accounting Army (region name) also plans to rebel against the Qin dynasty at the same time, and tries to recruit 'Hangryang', who had the popularity and power in the accounting department at the time. However, 'Hangryang' conversely eliminates 'Euntong' and conspires with 'Hangwoo' with the mind to take control of the accounting group. When 'Euntong' invited 'Hangryang', 'Hangryang' called 'Hangwoo' under the pretext of asking the whereabouts of a certain general, and 'Hangwoo' killed 'Euntong' as planned, and then led the military and led the accounting group. take over quickly 'Hang Liang' became an accountant, and 'Hang Woo' became a general manager and assists him.
2. Hangu's growing season
In the 2nd year of the 2nd year (208 BC), in the first lunar month, Sopyeong, the general of Jinseung, was defeated at Gwangneung and was looking for volunteers. , lie that he ordered the Treasurer to march west. With this as an opportunity, 'Hangryang' plans to march west, crosses the Wu River in February, and 'Hangwoo' also participates in this. After that, as Hang-ryang's army grew rapidly, absorbing the forces of Jinyoung, Yeongpo, and Pak-gun, and repulsing Gu-gu's army, 'Hang-woo' received the army from 'Hang-ryang' and worked as a separate building. Around the 4th lunar month of the lunar calendar, 'Hang-wu' had a difficult time capturing Yangyang, and at this time, Hang-u buried all the soldiers and residents of Yangyang and killed them. Hang-wu had a history of committing such a massacre after that, so his early personality is an opportunity for him to collapse later. After that, he led a detached corps like 'Liu Bang' and, starting with the capture of Seongyang in July, went around Fuyang, Jeongdo, Onggu, and Oehwang, defeating the Jin army, and winning a great victory by killing the commander of three thousand, 'You'. However, in the process, he shows a cruel appearance by committing another massacre in Seongyang. Afterwards, if you look at the remarks of King Cho-wang Mi-shim (King Cho-hui or Emperor of Cho, King of Chu), it can be seen that he frequently committed massacres in addition to Yang and Seong-yang.
In the 2nd year of the second year (208 BC), in the ninth lunar month of the lunar calendar, 'Hang-wu' and 'Liu-bang' left the foreign palace and attacked Jinryu, while the main force of their uncle, 'Hang-ryang', was 'Chang Han' (a general of the Qin dynasty, originally from Mungwan, but A counterattack by the Qin army led by a competent general who also has excellent military leadership), 'Hang Liang' himself is killed in a counterattack. 'Hangyu' and 'Liubang' hurriedly join the army of 'Goddess' and retreat from Jinryu to Paengseong to the east. The Choo king 'Mishim' overcame the defeat of 'Hangryang' and appointed 'Hangwu' as Janganhu and gave him the title of Nogong. However, after a while, when the Qin army of Changhan attacked Zhao, besieged the capital, Georokseong, and built a road called Yong-Yong to build a supply route, King Mi-Shim decided to help Zhao and advance to the center of Qin, Guangzhong, this time. do. At this time, the generals of the Chu dynasty opposed the attack on the crowd due to the strong momentum of the Qin dynasty, and only 'Hang Yu' wanted to enter the crowd with 'Liu Bang' for revenge of 'Hang Liang'. However, King Misim and the female servants were concerned about the situation in which 'Hang-yu' would increase the number of enemies because of the massacre committed by 'Hang-yu', so they sent 'Liu-bang', who was said to be mild, to the spectators instead of 'Hang-yu', and 'Hang-yu' was the Salvation Army of Zhao. decide to send
3. Hangu's heyday - Daejeon of Georok and the fall of the Qin Dynasty
In the 2nd year of the 2nd year (208 BC), the first king of the ninth lunar month, Misim, formed the Salvation Army of the Zhao Dynasty, and recognized the military ability that predicted the defeat of Songui in the past at this level of 'Hangryang' and appointed him as a general to save the Zhao Dynasty. They command the army, and 'Hang-woo' is appointed as the deputy commander of 'Song-ui'. The Cho Na-ra Salvation Army, led by 'Song-ui', stopped in Anyang area and did not move for 46 days. In response, 'Hang-woo' asked his superior 'Song-ui' to hurry the march, but 'Song-ui' refused. In a situation where supplies were also insufficient, Song-ui held a big farewell party for his son 'Song-yang'. In the end of November in the lunar calendar, 'Hang-woo' takes advantage of the night to kill 'Song-ui', and 'Song-yang', who infuriated the soldiers over the farewell party incident, also has a subordinate kill it. And he lied to the soldiers that 'Songui' was executed by the order of King Cho, and several generals responded to this and appointed 'Hangwoo' as a temporary officer. On the other hand, even the first king 'Misim' has no choice but to admit 'Hang-woo' as a listed army. 'Hang-woo', who became a general, gives 20,000 soldiers to the Dangyang-gun and Pak-gun as separate units to help Georok in a hurry, and then leads the main unit to cross the Jangha River.
After crossing the Jangha River in December of the lunar calendar, 'Hang-woo' and the soldiers prepared only three days of food and then destroyed all the boats in the pots and tents, so they were prepared to win quickly. After that, 'Hangwu' attacked the Qin army besieging Yonggwa and Georokseong, which was a supply road, and won all nine fights, and won a great victory by killing generals 'Incineration' and 'Provide' of the Qin Dynasty and capturing 'Wang Li' as a prisoner.( Georok Daejeon) With this victory, other princes will also serve 'Hang-u'. After the Georok War, 'Hang-woo' pursues the retreating army of 'Jang Han' and confronts them in the Geukwon area. 'Chang Han' is the continual attack of 'Hang Yu', discord with the court of the Qin Dynasty (the court was corrupt, so the appeals from 'Chang Han' did not reach the emperor, and the central forces were wary of 'Chang Han' who was victorious), 'Jinyeo' He lost the will to resist due to the persuasion of ' and eventually negotiates surrender with 'Hang Woo' by sending 'Fushiseong'. After several engagements and negotiations, 'Hang-woo' also had difficulties in fighting due to lack of military supplies due to destroying all supplies just before the Georok War. In the 3rd year of the reign (207 BC), in July of the lunar calendar, Hang-wu received the surrender ceremony of 'Chang Han' in the Yinhe region, and accepted 200,000 surrendering troops from the Qin dynasty, appointed 'Chang Han' as the Ong king, and appointed 'Forty-Forty', who surrendered together with the Changsang Army. and entrusted the surrendered Qin army. After the Georok War, 'Hang-wu' was marching to the west Hamgok-gwan to conquer the crowd. Persecution of the surrendered Qin army occurred, and some Qin soldiers were dissatisfied and worried about the damage to the families of the spectators if they were defeated. be considered as And when they marched on the Shinan area in November of the lunar calendar, 'Hang-wu' sent Gyeongpo and Pak troops to attack the Qin army's garrison at night, and 200,000 Jin dynasty soldiers, excluding 'Chang Han', 'Forty-forty', and 'Dongye', were buried live in the south of Sinan-seong. (Shinan Massacre)
However, during this period, 'Liu Bang' of Pae-hyeon entered Hamyang first and tried to become King Hamyang, so they hurriedly marched toward Hamgok-gwan. When 'Liu Bang' tried to block himself and protest at Hamgokgwan, he tried to kill 'Liubang', but 'Liubang' was afraid of him, opened the door to Hamgokgwan and surrendered. In response, 'Hang-wu' called 'Liu-bang' to the red gate and tried to kill him as the saying 'Beom-jeung' (Hang-wu's counselor | There was always a ban-jeung strategy after Xiang-u's victory), but fell into the scheme of 'Zhang Liang' (Liu Bang's assistant). In the end, he couldn't kill him, and after receiving the surrender of 'Living', 'Living' was released. Afterwards, 'Hang-wu' entered Hamyang-seong and killed the Jin king 'Ja-yeong', and destroyed the Qin dynasty by burning Abang Palace and some buildings in Hamyang.
4. Rebellion of 'Liu Bang' of 'Hang-woo', the king of Seocho-su, the division of 18 countries and the beginning of the Cho-Korean War
In the first year of the Han Dynasty (206), in April of the lunar calendar, 'Hang-wu' divides China into 18 countries, appoints princes, and disbands the army to their respective territories. At this time, 'Hang-woo' himself appointed King of Seocho, sent King Hui from Paengseong, the capital of 'King Cho-gi', to Chimhyeon, and set Paengseong as his capital.
When he first destroyed the Qin dynasty, King Cho-gi gave instructions for the division, such as appointing Liu, who had occupied the audience first, as the king of the crowd. , and decides to seperate it by himself. However, the division of 'Hang-U' was unfair and arbitrary, and in particular, it gave serious discrimination to the tomb according to whether or not it helped 'Hang-U' follow himself to occupy the spectators, and it caused serious dissatisfaction and conflicts of the anti-jin coalition forces. Here is a summary of the main problems:
• Choui-je: First, he disregarded the Cho-gi-wang's instructions and divided the divisions at his own will. In order to occupy the capital Paengseong, Hang-wu nominally elevated the Cho-gi-wang to the super-giant, and then de facto exiled the Cho-ui-je to Chimhyeon, a remote area. do it
• Weifang of Han: He was not the king of spectators promised by King Cho-Gi-Oh at the beginning, but in a very small part of the spectators, among them, Pachok, where political prisoners were exiled at the time, was appointed as the king of Han, and only 30,000 soldiers out of 100,000 were accompanied by him. In the remaining land of Gwanchung, Jang Han, Forty-Forty, and Dong-Ye, who surrendered at Georok, were appointed as Ong, Sae, and Jeok-ye, respectively, so that these three kings were to monitor and guard Liang. Up to this point, it was understandable as he had deliberately and unfairly divided the salaries for the purpose of suppressing the static 'Liu Bang'. gave it away At that time, the three kings (Jang Han, forty-something, Dong-ye | Jin dynasty generals who survived the Shinhan Massacre) were deeply resentful of the people of the old Qin dynasty for the fact that they abandoned their men in the Sinan massacre and lived alone as traitors of the Qin dynasty. All of his subordinates were killed by 'Hang-wu' in the land of Sinan, so there was no army to stop 'Liu-bang''s army.
• Jeonyeong of Qi: At the time of the fall of the Qin Dynasty, the Qi Dynasty was in a situation where 'Jeonyeong' took over the real power of Qi after a civil war between the royal families of the former Jeon clan, and set up his nephew 'Jeonbul' as king. However, 'Hangyu' divided the Qi region into three and downgraded the original king of Qi, 'Jeonbul' to King Gyodong. He gave the land of the center of Qi, including the former capital of Qi, Limqi, and appointed him as the king of Qi. On the other hand, no real estate was paid to the incumbent Jeon-yeong. Jeon Yeong was very angry at this action, but most of the territories of 'Jeonbul' that he controlled were blown away immediately. He was a relative of the fugitive Jeon family. (The clan of the last king of Qi, 'Jeon-gun,' 'Jeon-an' is the grandson of Jeon-geon, and 'Jian-ga' is the younger brother of 'Jeon-gun'.) was obvious, but the problem was that at that time, the forces following 'Jeonyoung' were overwhelming the other two kings.
After Geumuihwanhyang was born in Geumuihwanhyang (“Geumuihwanhyang” was born to Hangu in Gosado) as the capital, Hangu was called 'The King of Seocho'. He assassinated in 206 BC the agenda of Chu, which he had originally established with 'Hang Liang'. He, meanwhile, gave 'Liu Bang' a cause to fight in the name of beating usurpers.
Except for Pachok, the traditional Qin dynasty was divided into three and only 'Changhan', 'Forty-forty' and 'Dong-Ye' were made kings and kept. Accordingly, 'Hanshin', who became the captain at the recommendation of 'Soha', quickly defeated these three kings and occupied Hamyangseong before 'King Seochopae' even sent reinforcements. 'The King of Seocho Pae' was about to attack the 'Baby of the Han King', but once again, 'Jangryang' had no choice but to do this because 'the land of Pachok was so devastated'. I fell into the false joke that there will be no more wars if I close my eyes until this time, so I postponed the fight to the next, and went to suppress the rebellion of 'Jin-Yeo' and Qi, the kings of the great dynasties. This gave the 'King of Han' time and opportunity to advance further into the midfield.
5. The fall of 'Hang-woo', the king of Seocho
The 'King of Paeng' could not suppress the rebellion of Qi at once, and the capital Paengseong was taken away by the 'King of Han' who went forward despite the opposition of 'Hanshin' and 'Zhang Liang'. In response, the king sent down his main force to 'Jongnimal' and others to subdue the rebellion of Qi, and he went to restore Paengseong with only 30,000 elite troops. In response, 'King Han' led his own army and a total of 600,000 troops sent by Wongun sent by various princes under the world to confront the King at Paengseong, which is the 'Battle of Paengseong'. Despite the overwhelming force, the 'King of Kings' defeated the 600,000 troops of the 'King of Han' with his unique bravery and martial arts, and hundreds of thousands of allied princes fled and drowned. 'The King of Paeng' restored Paengseong, but in the end he was not able to capture 'Yubang'.
After that, he succeeded in the fight against 'Liu Bang' by using his outstanding skills as a general and his staff's plan of 'Beomjeung'. In the end, 'Hang-wu' gave up 'Beom-jeung', and 'Beom-jeung', heartbroken, went down to his hometown and died of boils (this is called the second lamentation in China). Even after that, 'Hang-Wu' showed courage by winning the fight against 'Liu-Bang', but when 'HANG-WOO' and 'Liu Bang' and 'Han-Shin' joined forces, even 'Han-Shin', who pacified Hebuk, eventually joined Hae-Ha. In the movie, the Cho army led by 'Hang-wu' was trapped in the siege of the Han army led by 'Liu Bang', and the Han army went to the Chu camp to make the Cho army soldiers miss their hometown and surrender to 'Hang-yu' through the scheme of 'Zhang Liang'. to play folk songs. Hearing Chu folk songs from all sides, 'Hang Yu' feels more despondent, feeling that everyone has already been suppressed except here. In response to this, the people of later generations made and sang the old saying 'Four-faced Choga', derived from this scheme, to those who were in crisis.
'Hang-woo', depressed and heartbroken, looked around his camp, where there were only hundreds of people left, and for those who were with him until the end, he promises to lead them all the way to the Wugang, where they can go to their hometown, Gangnam. Once they broke through the siege of the 1 million Korean troops that surrounded the camp, only 28 were left. 'Hang-wu' was miserable and even more evil, leading the 28 planes and running to the river. In the meantime, 5,000 elite soldiers led by Han's 'Gwanyeong' pursued them, but 'Hang-woo' defeated them with only 28 planes, and finally reached the Wugang. He sent all the children of Gangnam, who had followed him until then, on a boat heading for Gangnam. At this time, the number of surviving horses was 26, with only two dead. has escaped the fierce pursuit of
'Hang-woo' refused the invitation to escape to Gangnam by the 26 Gangnam children and the sailor's boat and make a promise for the future. Because he is alive, even if the people of Gangdong forgive him, he cannot forgive himself. Seeing that the ship had left for Gangnam, 'Hang-woo' jumped into the enemy camp for a short time at the end and fought, killing hundreds of people and injuring himself many times. Among the Han soldiers who came to arrest him, 'Hang-wu', seeing 'Yeo Ma-dong,' who was his former subordinate but betrayed him, said, "Liu Bang put a thousand gold and ten thousand heads on my neck, and I will give you the grace!" cut and committed suicide. When 'Wang Ye' took his head, the remaining cavalry trampled on each other and fought over the body, killing dozens of people. In the end, four 'Yeoma-dong', 'Yang-hui', 'Yeo-seung', and 'Yang-mu' took each one by one.
'Hang-woo' is a general who boasts the best martial arts and leadership of all time through the battle of Georok with the Qin Dynasty and the battle of Susu with 'Liu Bang'. And there is a poet Haehaga (垓下歌), written just before his death (recorded in the Hangubongi of the Sagi). Hae-ga was surrounded by the Cho state, and when he was a four-way house, he wrote a poem talking to his lover, Woo-hee, who believed in and followed him until the end. 'Woohee' is chosen as one of the four most beautiful women in China along with 'Seosi, Sogun Wang, and Poppy'. 'Woohee' responded for Haeha-ga of 'Hang-woo', and she does not want herself to be a burden to 'Hang-woo', so she commits suicide. Many experts regard Hang-wu as the greatest talent in Chinese history for longevity. Hang-wu had only one woman in his life, and this was 'Woo-hee'.
해하가 (The next song)
Power is enough to pull up mountains, and energy is enough to cover the world, but
times are unfavorable, and Ochuma will not advance
.兮可奈何 Ochuma won't run, so what should I
do?
6. Portfolio self-evaluation
Hang-wu believed in his own strength rather than the strategy of his entourage. He assessed himself, saying, “In the eight years since I joined the military, I have fought over 70 battles and never lost. He won all battles and gained the world, but he got into trouble here. This is because heaven has forsaken me, not because I did anything wrong in my fight. If you fight three times here today and win all of them, you will know that the heavens have ruined me, not my fault. ”
— Before the Battle of Xiangyu and Haiha
Seeing this, Hang-wu fell into conceit and was defeated, and he was unable to use his talents.
7. Historians' assessment of the sea
(One). a person who shuns education
'Hang-wu' usually hated learning very much, and his anecdote shows this well. At first, his uncle Hang-ryang taught the young Hang-wu, but after a while he said that he only needed to know how to write his name and gave up learning. He gave up and taught 'Hang-u' to warfare. However, 'Hang-woo' was bored with even this and did not study properly, so it didn't last long.
(2). The assassin
'Hang-wu' was criticized the most not only in his time, but also in future generations and modern times. The most famous massacre was the 'Sinan Massacre', but Hangu continued to massacre before and after that. The major massacres recorded in the history books are as follows.
• Yangyang Massacre: After capturing Yangyang, the villagers were buried alive.
• Seongyang Massacre: They captured Seongyang and massacred the residents while moving to Liuyang and Byeoldong.
• Sinan Massacre: 200,000 prisoners of the Qin Dynasty who surrendered according to Janghan in the 11th month of the lunar calendar in 207 BC are buried alive.
• Hamyang Massacre: In 207 BC, in the 12th month of the lunar calendar, the Jin king Ja-yeong was killed and the residents of the Qin dynasty in Hamyang, the capital of the Qin dynasty, were also massacred.
• Qi Massacre: In 205 BC, the civilians were massacred as they moved north, starting with the removal of the kings appointed by Xiang Yu and the live burial of the captives who surrendered in the process of attacking Zhen Ying, who became the king himself.
As such, the slaughter of 'Hang-wu' was seriously infamous, and especially in the case of civilian massacre, he was a notorious slayer that had no precedent. In the end, this behavior of 'Hang-yu' became an achievement for all of China, and the countries and residents who were attacked by the 'Hang-yu' army resisted until the end with the feeling that they would resist until they die, even if they surrender anyway, and conversely, 'Liu Bang' As a savior against the slayer, Hang-u, if you surrender, your life and rights are guaranteed, so there is a situation where you actively surrender and receive support.
And even if we take out all the moral aspects, the massacre of 'Hang-yu' brought only a fatal disadvantage to 'Hang-yu'. ‘Liubang’, who was deprived of military command in ‘Shinan Massacre’ and ‘Hamyang Massacre’ and bought resentment from the residents of Jin dynasty, and practically exiled as Pachok, came out again after half a year and very quickly occupied and seized the former Qin territory. 'Jang Han', 'Forty-Forty', and 'Dong-Ye' of the 3 Jinjin, who only gave a lot of help but could not stop this, were unable to stop the army of 'Liu Bang', which came out after only half a year, as their subordinates were all buried in the land of Sinan. .
And with the massacre of 'Hang-wu' following the rebellion of Qi, the residents of Qi recognized the Jeon clan as king again, whom they did not like enough to assassinate. there can only be As a result, he had no choice but to watch as 'Liu Bang' occupied the Qin dynasty and regained power, and later attacked Chu and even captured Paengseong. Despite the circumstances, 'Hang-u' continued the massacre without realizing it, and in the end, the massacre was stopped in the foreign palace just before their defeat, but it was already too late at the time.
(3). 'Hang-woo', who distrusts
his subordinates, did not trust his subordinates and had a lot of doubts. In particular, he did not believe in 'Young-po, the king of mouth', who was his important general, so he made 'Young-po' and 'Hang-woo' dissatisfied with himself, and eventually told 'Liu-bang'. The degree of suspicion of 'Hang-Wu' is too severe to be suspicious of what was stolen, and even the important servant 'Jongnimal' and 'Beomjeung', who was an assistant, fell into the scheming of 'Jinpyeong', and eventually kills 'Beomjeung' with his own hands. prove that
But that half-wielding was very absurd. 'Jinpyeong' greeted the envoy of 'Hang-wu' after the feast, and kept asking about the welfare of the monk 'Beom-jeung', but the envoy said that he did not know the details of 'Beom-jeung' because he was an envoy of 'Hang-wu'. , 'Jinpyeong' removed the Jinsu Sacrament and dismissed him for being an envoy of 'Hang-wu' and expelled him. When he reported this to 'Hang-Woo', 'Hang-Woo' became jealous of 'Beom-Jung' and scolded 'Beom-Jeong' and kicked him out. In the end, 'Beomjeung' died of worsening chronic disease, and 'Hangwoo', which had no 'Beomjeung', quickly perished.
Also, he generally did not listen to his servants, but he did not listen to his staff 'Beomjeung' and did not kill 'Liubang' at Hongmun, and left 'Hamyang' to return to Geumui. Leaving the audience to easily occupy the center of the world, destroying the agenda, and recklessly charging 'Hanshin' underestimating 'Hanshin', and if it weren't for the 'manager' sent by 'Beomjeung', 'Hanshin' almost killed him, etc. If only he had heard the words of 'Beomjeung', perhaps 'Liubang' did not even try to come out of Korea or China, or he would have died in Hongmun at all. Since he does not listen to his assistant 'Beomjeung', it is natural that he does not listen to the other subordinates, and 'Hang-woo' ignores the invitation of his men to retreat to Gangnam in Hae-ha, and in the end, due to the plan of a thatched house in the Yen pardon, he does not fight once and completes the entire army. lost
Also, although he loved and cherished his subordinates terribly, he was cruel to the enemy. On one occasion, he buried all the 200,000 marchers who surrendered to him, who showed signs of rebellion.
(4). A manly and loyal leader
Emeritus Professor Yasuhiko Satake, a Chinese historian at the University of Tokyo, who has revised many historical descriptions that were orthodoxy into a study that goes beyond mere biography. After all, it is said that 'Hang-Woo' kept causality more than 'Yu-Bang'. During the First Korean War, 'Hang-wu' took Liu Liang's father and wife as prisoners, but instead of executing them, he eventually returns them alive. In addition, 'Liu Bang', who was born in a white background, liked feminine colors and luxury, and, depending on the situation, in order to live in front of him without face, or flattering him, 'Hang-u', a nobleman, easily made promises with people. He was a person who did not give up and kept his face. Apart from his own skills, there were many opportunities in 'Hang-woo', he did not give up his 'criminal', did not massacre the residents after winning the war, did not assassinate Choui-je, or ' Even if only one had been achieved, such as killing Liu Liang or using his subordinate ‘Han Xin’ well, it would have been recorded in history as the victory of Xiang Yu. there is.
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